Direct and Indirect Narration Rules
What is
Narration?
When we tell
someone’s exact words, it is called Direct Narration.
When we tell
the meaning of the words without using exact quotation marks, it is called Indirect
Narration.
1. Direct
Narration
The
speaker’s exact words are written inside quotation marks (“ ”).
Example:
Rahim said,
“I am happy.”
2. Indirect
Narration
The
speaker’s words are changed into reported speech without quotation marks.
Example:
Rahim said
that he was happy.
Simple Rules
of Narration (বাংলায় সহজ নিয়ম)
Rule 1:
Remove quotation marks
কমা (,) ও
quotation mark (“ ”) তুলে দিতে হবে।
Example:
Direct: He
said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He
said that he was tired.
Rule 2: Add
“that”
সাধারণ বাক্যে reporting verb এর পরে usually “that” বসে।
Example:
Direct: Mina
said, “I like mangoes.”
Indirect:
Mina said that she liked mangoes.
Rule 3:
Change Pronoun
Person অনুযায়ী pronoun পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
| Direct |
Indirect |
| | -- |
| I | he/she
|
| we | they
|
| my | his/her
|
| our | their
|
Example:
Direct:
Karim said, “I play football.”
Indirect:
Karim said that he played football.
Present
tense সাধারণত past tense হয়।
| Direct
Speech | Indirect Speech |
| - | |
| am/is | was |
| are | were |
| play | played |
| will | would |
| can | could |
Example:
Direct: He
said, “I can swim.”
Indirect: He
said that he could swim.
Rules for
Different Sentences
A. Assertive
Sentence (সাধারণ বাক্য)
Use “said
that”.
Example:
Direct: She
said, “I am reading.”
Indirect:
She said that she was reading.
Rules:
* Use
“asked”
* Remove
question mark
* Use
if/whether for yes/no questions
Example:
Direct: He
said, “Are you happy?”
Indirect: He
asked if I was happy.
C.
Imperative Sentence (আদেশ/অনুরোধ)
Rules:
Use:
* ordered
* requested
* advised
Example:
Direct:
Father said, “Do your homework.”
Indirect:
Father ordered me to do my homework.
Rules:
Use:
* exclaimed
with joy
* exclaimed
with sorrow
Example:
Direct: He
said, “Hurrah! We won the match.”
Indirect: He
exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Exercises
Change into
Indirect Speech
1. Rina
said, “I am hungry.”
2. The boy
said, “I play cricket.”
3. Father
said, “Close the door.”
4. He said,
“Can you help me?”
5. The
teacher said, “The earth is round.”
6. Mina
said, “We are watching TV.”
7. Mother
said, “Do not waste time.”
8. He said,
“Hurrah! I passed the exam.”
9. Karim
said, “I will go to school.”
10. She
said, “Where do you live?”
Answers
1. Rina said
that she was hungry.
2. The boy
said that he played cricket.
3. Father
ordered me to close the door.
4. He asked
if I could help him.
5. The
teacher said that the earth is round.
6. Mina said
that they were watching TV.
7. Mother
advised me not to waste time.
8. He
exclaimed with joy that he had passed the exam.
9. Karim
said that he would go to school.
10. She
asked where I lived.
Change into Indirect Speech
1. Rina
said, “I am happy.”
2. Karim
said, “I play football every day.”
3. The
teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.”
4. Mina
said, “I like ice cream.”
5. Rahim
said, “We are studying English.”
6. The boy
said, “I went to school yesterday.”
7. Sumi
said, “My brother is reading a storybook.”
9. The girl
said, “I can swim very well.”
10. They
said, “We are watching a movie.”
11. Rafi
said, “I have completed my homework.”
12. Mother
said, “The baby is sleeping.”
13. The
students said, “We enjoy our classes.”
14. Hasan
said, “I saw a tiger in the zoo.”
15. She
said, “I am learning computer skills.”
16. The
farmer said, “I work hard every day.”
17. Anika
said, “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.”
18. The
child said, “I want a chocolate.”
19. The man
said, “I was walking in the park.”
20. Jui
said, “We love our country.”
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