IELTS পরীক্ষায় ভালো ব্যান্ড স্কোর (বিশেষ করে Writing এবং Speaking-এ) পাওয়ার জন্য Connectors বা Cohesive Devices অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এগুলো আপনার চিন্তার ধারাবাহিকতা রক্ষা করতে সাহায্য করে।
নিচে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কানেক্টরগুলোর
তালিকা, অর্থ, ব্যবহার এবং উদাহরণ দেওয়া হলো।
১. Adding Information (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য যোগ করতে)
|
Connector |
Meaning |
Usage |
Example |
|
Furthermore |
অধিকন্তু / তাছাড়া |
আগের তথ্যের সাথে নতুন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু যোগ করতে। |
The city has many parks. Furthermore,
it has a great library. |
|
Moreover |
তদুপরি |
কোনো যুক্তিকে আরও শক্তিশালী করতে। |
Smoking is expensive. Moreover,
it is harmful to health. |
|
In addition |
অতিরিক্ত হিসেবে |
সাধারণ তথ্য যোগ করতে। |
In addition to music, he likes art. |
২. Contrasting Ideas (বিপরীত ধারণা প্রকাশ
করতে)
|
Connector |
Meaning |
Usage |
Example |
|
However |
যা-ই হোক / তবে |
আগের বাক্যের বিপরীতে কিছু বলতে। |
He studied hard. However,
he failed the exam. |
|
On the other hand |
অন্যদিকে |
দুটি ভিন্ন দিকের তুলনা করতে। |
Laptops are portable. On
the other hand, desktops are more powerful. |
|
Nevertheless |
তবুও |
কোনো কিছুর পরেও ফলাফল বুঝাতে। |
It was raining. Nevertheless,
we went out. |
|
Albeit |
যদিও |
সংক্ষিপ্ত বৈপরীত্য বুঝাতে। |
It was an amazing, albeit
expensive, trip. |
৩. Cause and Effect (কারণ ও ফলাফল
বুঝাতে)
|
Connector |
Meaning |
Usage |
Example |
|
Consequently |
ফলে / ফলস্বরূপ |
কোনো কাজের ফলাফল প্রকাশে। |
He was late. Consequently,
he missed the bus. |
|
Therefore |
অতএব |
যুক্তি দিয়ে ফলাফল টানতে। |
She is ill. Therefore,
she cannot come. |
|
Due to |
কারণে |
কোনো বিশেষ কারণে কিছু ঘটা। |
The match was canceled due
to rain. |
৪. Giving Examples (উদাহরণ দিতে)
|
Connector |
Meaning |
Usage |
Example |
|
For instance |
যেমন / উদাহরণস্বরূপ |
কোনো দাবির পক্ষে উদাহরণ দিতে। |
Some countries are very cold.
For instance, Iceland. |
|
Namely |
অর্থাৎ / নির্দিষ্ট করে বললে |
নির্দিষ্ট কোনো কিছুর নাম বলতে। |
We need two things, namely
food and water. |
৫. Summarizing (উপসংহার টানতে)
|
Connector |
Meaning |
Usage |
Example |
|
To conclude |
পরিশেষে |
লেখার একদম শেষে মূল কথা বলতে। |
To conclude, education is the key to success. |
|
In a nutshell |
সংক্ষেপে বলতে গেলে |
জটিল বিষয়কে ছোট করে বলতে। |
In a nutshell, the plan was a failure. |
Task: Fill in the gaps with the
most appropriate connector from the list.
Nevertheless | Conversely |
Albeit | Despite | While
1.
The city has invested
heavily in public transport. __________, traffic congestion remains a major
issue for residents.
2.
The experiment was
successful, __________ slightly more expensive than originally planned.
3.
In many Western
cultures, eye contact is seen as a sign of honesty. __________, in some Asian
cultures, it can be perceived as a sign of disrespect.
4.
__________ the high
cost of tuition, thousands of international students apply to prestigious
universities every year.
5.
__________ some
believe that technology isolates us, others argue it connects the world more
than ever before.
Exercise 2: Adding Information & Examples
Task: Choose the connector that
best fits the sentence.
1.
Tourism brings
significant revenue to local economies. __________, it helps preserve cultural
heritage sites.
o A) Consequently | B) Furthermore | C) In
contrast
2.
Many countries are
moving toward renewable energy, __________ wind and solar power.
o A) namely | B) such as | C) in addition
3.
The university offers
excellent facilities. __________, its research departments are world-renowned.
o 1) Moreover | B) Thus | C) Otherwise
4.
Renewable energy is
becoming cheaper; __________, it is more accessible to developing nations.
o A) correspondingly | B) but | C) although
Exercise 3: Cause and Effect
Task: Complete the paragraph
using the connectors provided.
Due to | As a result |
Consequently | Since | For this reason
The global temperature is rising __________
the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. __________ there is no
immediate solution, sea levels continue to climb. __________ of this, low-lying
coastal cities are facing the threat of frequent flooding. __________, urban
planners are forced to design more resilient infrastructure. __________ these
changes are irreversible, adaptation is now our only option.
Exercise 4: Concession and Clarification
Task: Match the first half of
the sentence to its logical conclusion.
|
First Half |
Connector |
Second Half |
|
1. The software is very
complex... |
A. In other words, |
i. it is quite affordable. |
|
2. Online learning is
flexible... |
B. That is to say, |
ii. users require extensive
training. |
|
3. The price is low... |
C. Granted, |
iii. it requires high
self-discipline. |
Exercise 5: Sequence and Conclusion
Task: Choose the correct
connector to structure the argument.
1.
(Firstly / At first), we
must consider the economic impact of the new policy.
2.
(In addition / To
begin with), it is important to analyze the social consequences.
3.
(Eventually /
Finally), the long-term environmental effects should not be ignored.
4.
(In a nutshell / To
summarize), while the policy has some benefits, the risks outweigh them.
Choose the correct connector
from the brackets to complete the sentence.
1.
Playing sports helps
improve physical health. __________, it builds teamwork skills. (Furthermore / However)
2.
Many students prefer
to study online __________ its flexibility. (due to / because)
3.
The city is very
crowded. __________, the public transport system is excellent. (Consequently / Nevertheless)
4.
Dieting can be
effective for weight loss. __________, it must be done under medical
supervision. (But / Although)
5.
Some people enjoy big
cities, __________ others prefer the quiet of the countryside. (whereas / in addition)
Level 2: Intermediate (Contextual Usage)
Fill in the blanks with a
suitable connector from the box below.
For instance | Consequently |
On the other hand | Despite | Moreover
6.
Many people are moving
to urban areas in search of better jobs. __________, cities are becoming
overpopulated.
7.
Governments should
invest in renewable energy. __________, they should provide subsidies for
electric vehicles.
8.
__________ the high
price of organic food, more people are choosing to buy it for health reasons.
9.
Fossil fuels are a
major cause of pollution. __________, solar and wind energy are clean
alternatives.
10.
Large corporations
often donate to charity. __________, Microsoft has funded numerous global
health initiatives.
Level 3: Advanced (Band 7-9 Cohesion)
These exercises focus on
logical flow and "less common" cohesive devices.
11.
The rise of automation
has made many manual jobs obsolete. __________, it has created a high demand
for software engineers.
o A) That is to say | B) Conversely | C) In a
nutshell
12.
The project was
completed on time, __________ within a very tight budget.
o A) albeit | B) otherwise | C) hence
13.
Educational standards
have improved globally. __________, the literacy rate in developing nations has
reached an all-time high.
o A) Correspondingly | B) Nevertheless | C)
Alternatively
14.
Parents should limit
their children's screen time. __________, they might develop sedentary
lifestyles and health issues.
o A) Furthermore | B) Otherwise | C) Granted
15.
The new tax law is
expected to increase government revenue. __________, it may place a heavy
burden on small business owners.
o A) To summarize | B) By the same token | C) Be
that as it may
Topic: Should governments invest more in public transport or in
building more roads?
Sample Paragraph
"Currently, many
metropolises face extreme traffic congestion due to rapid urban
sprawl. Some argue that building more highways is the solution; conversely, others believe that improving public
transport is the only sustainable way forward. Granted, expanding road networks may offer temporary
relief to commuters. Nevertheless, it often leads to an
increase in private vehicle ownership, which consequently
exacerbates air pollution. Furthermore, relying
on cars is expensive for low-income families. In a nutshell, while
new roads might seem necessary, the pivotal focus should
be on creating a holistic transit system, namely high-speed rails and electric buses, to mitigate environmental damage."
Analysis of Connectors Used:
To help you visualize
how these connectors function to create logical flow, see the diagram below:
·
Due
to: Establishes the cause
of the problem.
·
Conversely: Signals a shift to an opposing viewpoint.
·
Granted
/ Nevertheless: Creates a
"concession" (acknowledging one side before proving your own point is
stronger).
·
Consequently: Shows the logical result of an action.
·
In
a nutshell: Signals that you are
summarizing your final opinion.
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